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Many other Scientologist-run services and companies belong to the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies making use of Hubbard's management teachings, and circulates directories of WISE-affiliated companies. WISE requires those who wish to become Hubbard management consults to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another well-known WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Federal government Technology and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Internet ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.




This section requires expansion. You can assist by contributing to it. In order to help with the continued expansion of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the form of effective or highly regarded people. Perth Scientology. Though it has actually attained some reliability as a religion in numerous nations, Scientology has actually also been referred to as both a cult and a commercial enterprise.

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For instance, it has been kept in mind to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Level playing field individuals it perceives as its enemies. In 1979, several Scientology members were founded guilty for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of government files in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of scams, manslaughter and damaging witnesses in French cases, harmful libel versus lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner states that Scientology's "high level of visibility" may be viewed as "threatening to established social institutions".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were industrial and run for the benefit of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, however its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had at first demandedand the IRS browse this site acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.


Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in products for the incoming Barack Obama administration to examine, as identified in a web survey run by the presidential shift group obtaining public input for the inbound administration.

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State Department has criticized Western European nations for discrimination versus Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Liberty report, based upon the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is treated legally as an industrial business, and not as a faith or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and many associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on individuals and groups who try to utilize it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard appointed Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain elements of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was created with its head workplace positioned at Saint Hill Manor - Perth Scientology. Under The browse around this web-site Guardian's Office (later renamed the Office of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later arranged and devoted one of the largest penetration of United States federal firms ever perpetrated by a company not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal offense committed by these defendants is of a breadth and scope previously unheard of. No building, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and spying. No person or company was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past made use of aggressive strategies in Learn More Here addressing those it views as attempting to reduce them, understood as Suppressive Persons (SPs) first detailed by Hubbard as part of a policy called reasonable video game. Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Using blank paper known to have been managed by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb hazards in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which could have sent Cooper to prison for a lengthy term. The Church's plan was discovered at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.